12.2.3 library(shlib): Utility library for loading foreign objects (DLLs, shared objects)

This section discusses the functionality of the (autoload) library(shlib), providing an interface to manage shared libraries. We describe the procedure for using a foreign resource (DLL in Windows and shared object in Unix) called mylib.

First, one must assemble the resource and make it compatible to SWI-Prolog. The details for this vary between platforms. The swipl-ld(1) utility can be used to deal with this in a portable manner. The typical commandline is:

swipl-ld -shared -o mylib file.{c,o,cc,C} ...

Make sure that one of the files provides a global function install_mylib() that initialises the module using calls to PL_register_foreign(). Below is a simple example file mylib.c, which prints a "hello" message. Note that we use SWI-Prolog's Sprintf() rather than C standard printf() to print the outout through Prolog's current_output stream, making the example work in a windowed environment. The standard C printf() works in a console environment, but this bypasses Prolog's output redirection. Also note the use of the standard C bool type, which is supported in 9.2.x and more actively promoted in the 9.3.x development series.

#include <SWI-Prolog.h>
#include <SWI-Stream.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

static foreign_t
pl_say_hello(term_t to)
{ char *s;

  if ( PL_get_chars(to, &s, CVT_ALL|REP_UTF8) )
  { Sprintf("hello %Us", s);

    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

install_t
install_mylib(void)
{ PL_register_foreign("say_hello", 1, pl_say_hello, 0);
}

Now write a file mylib.pl:

:- module(mylib, [ say_hello/1 ]).
:- use_foreign_library(foreign(mylib)).

The file mylib.pl can be loaded as a normal Prolog file and provides the predicate defined in C. The generated mylib.so (or .dll, etc.) must be placed in a directory searched for using the Prolog search path foreign (see absolute_file_name/3). To load this from the current directory, we can use the -p alias=dir option:

swipl -p foreign=. mylib.pl
?- say_hello(world).
hello world
true.

[det]use_foreign_library(+FileSpec)

[det]use_foreign_library(+FileSpec, +Options:list)

Load and install a foreign library as load_foreign_library/1,2 and register the installation using initialization/2 with the option now. This is similar to using:

:- initialization(load_foreign_library(foreign(mylib))).

but using the initialization/1 wrapper causes the library to be loaded after loading of the file in which it appears is completed, while use_foreign_library/1 loads the library immediately. I.e. the difference is only relevant if the remainder of the file uses functionality of the C-library.

As of SWI-Prolog 8.1.22, use_foreign_library/1,2 is in provided as a built-in predicate that, if necessary, loads library(shlib). This implies that these directives can be used without explicitly loading library(shlib) or relying on demand loading.

[semidet,multifile]qsave:compat_arch(Arch1, Arch2)

User definable hook to establish if Arch1 is compatible with Arch2 when running a shared object. It is used in saved states produced by qsave_program/2 to determine which shared object to load at runtime.

See also

foreign option in qsave_program/2 for more information.

[det]load_foreign_library(:FileSpec)

[det]load_foreign_library(:FileSpec, +Options:list)

Load a shared object or DLL. After loading the Entry function is called without arguments. The default entry function is composed from =install_=, followed by the file base-name. E.g., the load-call below calls the function install_mylib(). If the platform prefixes extern functions with =_=, this prefix is added before calling. Options provided are below. Other options are passed to open_shared_object/3.

install(+Function)

Installation function to use. Default is default(install), which derives the function from FileSpec.

    ...
    load_foreign_library(foreign(mylib)),
    ...

FileSpec

is a specification for absolute_file_name/3. If searching the file fails, the plain name is passed to the OS to try the default method of the OS for locating foreign objects. The default definition of file_search_path/2 searches <prolog home>/lib/<arch> on Unix and <prolog home>/bin on Windows.

See also

use_foreign_library/1,2 are intended for use in directives.

[det]unload_foreign_library(+FileSpec)

[det]unload_foreign_library(+FileSpec, +Exit:atom)

Unload a shared object or DLL. After calling the Exit function, the shared object is removed from the process. The default exit function is composed from =uninstall_=, followed by the file base-name.

current_foreign_library(?File, ?Public)

Query currently loaded shared libraries.

reload_foreign_libraries

Reload all foreign libraries loaded (after restore of a state created using qsave_program/2.