nv swipl :- initialization(main, main). main(Argv) :- atomic_list_concat(Argv, ' ', SingleArg), term_to_atom(Term, SingleArg), Val is Term, format('~w~n', [Val]).

And here are two example runs:

% ./eval 1+2
3
% ./eval foo
ERROR: is/2: Arithmetic: `foo/0' is not a function

Prolog script may be launched for debugging or inspection purposes using the -l or -t. For example, -l merely loads the script, ignoring main and program initialization.

swipl -l eval 1+1
<banner>

?- main.
2
true.

?-

We can also force the program to enter the interactive toplevel after the application is completed using -t prolog:

swipl -t prolog eval 1+1
2
?-

The Windows version simply ignores the #! line.^{13Older versions extracted command line arguments from the HashBang line. As of version 5.9 all relevant setup can be achieved using directives. Due to the compatibility issues around HashBang line processing, we decided to remove it completely.}

2.11.1.2 Creating a shell script

With the introduction of PrologScript (see section 2.11.1.1), using shell scripts as explained in this section has become redundant for most applications.

Especially on Unix systems and not-too-large applications, writing a shell script that simply loads your application and calls the entry point is often a good choice. A skeleton for the script is given below, followed by the Prolog code to obtain the program arguments. See library library(main) and argv_options/3 for details.

#!/bin/sh

base=<absolute-path-to-source>
SWIPL=swipl

exec $SWIPL "$base/load.pl" -- "$@"

:- use_module(library(main)).
:- initialization(main,main).

main(Argv) :-
    argv_options(Argv, Positional, Options),
    go(Positional, Options).

go(Positional, Options) :-
    ...

On Windows systems, similar behaviour can be achieved by creating a shortcut to Prolog, passing the proper options or writing a .bat file.

2.11.1.3 Creating a saved state

For larger programs, as well as for programs that are required to run on systems that do not have the SWI-Prolog development system installed, creating a saved state is the best solution. A saved state is created using qsave_program/[1,2] or the -c command line option. A saved state is a file containing machine-independent^{14The saved state does not depend on the CPU instruction set or endianness. Saved states for 32- and 64-bits are not compatible. Typically, saved states only run on the same version of Prolog on which they have been created.} intermediate code in a format dedicated for fast loading. Optionally, the emulator may be integrated in the saved state, creating a single file, but machine-dependent, executable. This process is described in chapter 14.

2.11.1.4 Compilation using the -c command line option

This mechanism loads a series of Prolog source files and then creates a saved state as qsave_program/2 does. The command syntax is:

% swipl [option ...] [-o output] -c file.pl ...

The options argument are options to qsave_program/2 written in the format below. The option names and their values are described with qsave_program/2.

--option-name=option-value

For example, to create a stand-alone executable that starts by executing main/0 and for which the source is loaded through load.pl, use the command

% swipl --goal=main --stand_alone=true -o myprog -c load.pl

This performs exactly the same as executing

% swipl
<banner>

?- [load].
?- qsave_program(myprog,
                 [ goal(main),
                   stand_alone(true)
                 ]).
?- halt.

2.11.1.5 SWI-Prolog app scripts

As of version 9.1.18, SWI-Prolog allows starting an application using the command below.

swipl [option ...] [path:]name [arg ...]

This command line first processes Prolog options described in section 2.4. Note that most standard Prolog commandline options are not relevant. The -f defaults to none, which implies that the user init file is by default not loaded. If an application wishes to load the user init file, it should load user_app_config(init) if this file exists (see exists_source/1).

Next, it locates path(name) using SWI-Prolog's file search mechanism defined by absolute_file_name/3. After loading this file it demands a to find the entry point registered using initialization/2 as shown in section 2.11. By default, the application terminates after the entry point terminates. The entry point may enable the interactive Prolog REPL loop by calling cli_enable_development_system/0.

All command line options after [path:]name are accessible in the Prolog flag argv.

The optional path defaults to app. By default, apps are searched in the directories below. See file_search_path/2 for details.

1. The app directory of the SWI-Prolog installation
2. User and site configuration. On POSIX systems using the XDG file name conventions, this is normally /.local/share/swi-prolog/app/ and /usr/share/swi-prolog/app.
3. The app directory of a Prolog pack.

The following apps are provided by the installation

app

Print information on installed apps. For example, to list all available apps, run

swipl app list

pack

Command line driven management of Prolog packs. This is a front-end to the Prolog library library(prolog_pack). For example, to find packages related to type, use the command below.

swipl pack find type