SWI-Prolog -- Command line options

2.4 Command line options

SWI-Prolog can be executed in one of the following modes:

swipl --help
swipl --version
swipl --arch
swipl --dump-runtime-variables: These options must appear as only option. They cause Prolog to print an informational message and exit. See section 2.4.1.
swipl [option ...] script-file [arg ...]: These arguments are passed on Unix systems if file that starts with #!/path/to/executable [option ...] is executed. Arguments after the script file are made available in the Prolog flag argv.
swipl [option ...] prolog-file ... [[--] arg ...]: This is the normal way to start Prolog. The options are described in section 2.4.2, section 2.4.3 and section 2.4.4. The Prolog flag argv provides access to arg ... If the options are followed by one or more Prolog file names (i.e., names with extension .pl, .prolog or (on Windows) the user preferred extension registered during installation), these files are loaded. The first file is registered in the Prolog flag associated_file. In addition, pl-win[.exe] switches to the directory in which this primary source file is located using working_directory/2.
swipl -o output -c prolog-file ...: The -c option is used to compile a set of Prolog files into an executable. See section 2.4.5.
swipl -o output -b bootfile prolog-file ...: Bootstrap compilation. See section 2.4.6.

2.4.1 Informational command line options

--arch

When given as the only option, it prints the architecture identifier (see Prolog flag arch) and exits. See also --dump-runtime-variables.

--dump-runtime-variables [=format]

When given as the only option, it prints a sequence of variable settings that can be used in shell scripts to deal with Prolog parameters. This feature is also used by swipl-ld (see section 12.5). Below is a typical example of using this feature.

eval `swipl --dump-runtime-variables`
cc -I$PLBASE/include -L$PLBASE/lib/$PLARCH ...

The option can be followed by =sh to dump in POSIX shell format (default) or =cmd to dump in MS-Windows cmd.exe compatible format.

--help

When given as the only option, it summarises the most important options.

--version

When given as the only option, it summarises the version and the architecture identifier.

--abi-version

Print a key (string) that represents the binary compatibility on a number of aspects. See section 2.21.

2.4.2 Command line options for running Prolog

Note that boolean options may be written as --name (true), --noname or --no-name (false). They are written as --no-name below as the default is‘true’.

-D name[=value]: Set the Prolog flag name to value. The flags are set immediately after loading the initial saved state. If the flag is already defined, value is converted to the type of the flag. If the flag is undefined it is set to a number of value represents a number and an atom otherwise. If no =value is given, a Boolean value is used. If name is no-flag, flag is set to false. Otherwise, the flag name is set to true. The name[=value] may follow the -D immediately or appear as the next commandline argument.
Note that many of the commandline options are reflected by a Prolog flag. We intend to handle these as synonyms. Currently, some of the commandline flags affect the Prolog initilization before loading the saved state has completed, while other may not be changed after Prolog initialization. For example, future versions will support -Dhome=dir to change the notion of the Prolog installation directory.
--debug-on-interrupt: Enable debugging on an interrupt signal (Control-C, SIGINT) immediately. Normally debugging on interrupt is enabled when entering the interactive toplevel. This flag can be used to start the debugger on an interrupt while executing goals from -g or initialization/[1,2]. See also the Prolog flag debug_on_interrupt.
--home[=DIR]: Use DIR as home directory. See section 12.6 for details. If DIR is omitted, the found location is printed and the process exits. If the location cannot be found an error is printed and the process exits with status 1.
--quiet: Set the Prolog flag verbose to silent, suppressing informational and banner messages. Also available as -q.
--no-debug: Disable debugging. See the current_prolog_flag/2 flag generate_debug_info for details.
--no-signals: Inhibit any signal handling by Prolog, a property that is sometimes desirable for embedded applications. This option sets the flag signals to false. See section 12.4.25.1 for details. Note that the handler to unblock system calls is still installed. This can be prevented using --sigalert=0 additionally. See --sigalert.
--no-threads: Disable threading for the multi-threaded version at runtime. See also the flags threads and gc_thread.
--no-packs: Do not attach extension packages (add-ons). See also attach_packs/0 and the Prolog flag packs.
--no-pce: Enable/disable the xpce GUI subsystem. The default is to make it available as autoload component if it is installed and the system can access the graphics. Using --pce load the xpce system in user space and --no-pce makes it unavailable in the session.
--on-error =style: How to handle on errors. See the Prolog flag on_error for details.
--on-warning =style: How to handle on warnings. See the Prolog flag on_warning for details.
--pldoc [=port]: Start the PlDoc documentation system on a free network port and launch the user's browser on http://localhost:port. If port is specified, the server is started at the given port and the browser is not launched.
--sigalert=NUM: Use signal NUM (1 ... 31) for alerting a thread. This is needed to make thread_signal/2, and derived Prolog signal handling act immediately when the target thread is blocked on an interruptible system call (e.g., sleep/1, read/write to most devices). The default is to use SIGUSR2. If NUM is 0 (zero), this handler is not installed. See prolog_alert_signal/2 to query or modify this value at runtime.
--no-tty: Unix only. Switches controlling the terminal for allowing single-character commands to the tracer and get_single_char/1. By default, manipulating the terminal is enabled unless the system detects it is not connected to a terminal or it is running as a GNU-Emacs inferior process. See also tty_control.
--win-app: This option is available only in swipl-win.exe and is used for the start-menu item. If causes plwin to start in the folder ...\My Documents\Prolog or local equivalent thereof (see win_folder/2). The Prolog subdirectory is created if it does not exist.
-O: Optimised compilation. See current_prolog_flag/2 flag optimise for details.
-l file: Load file. This flag provides compatibility with some other Prolog systems.^{10YAP, SICStus} It is used in SWI-Prolog to skip the program initialization specified using initialization/2 directives. See also section 2.11.1.1, and initialize/0.
-s file: Use file as a script file. The script file is loaded after the initialisation file specified with the -f file option. Unlike -f file, using -s does not stop Prolog from loading the personal initialisation file.
-f file: Use file as initialisation file instead of the default init.pl.‘-f none’stops SWI-Prolog from searching for a startup file. This option can be used as an alternative to -s file that stops Prolog from loading the personal initialisation file. See also section 2.2.
-F script: Select a startup script from the SWI-Prolog home directory. The script file is named <script>.rc. The default script name is deduced from the executable, taking the leading alphanumerical characters (letters, digits and underscore) from the program name. -F none stops looking for a script. Intended for simple management of slightly different versions. One could, for example, write a script iso.rc and then select ISO compatibility mode using pl -F iso or make a link from iso-pl to pl.
-x bootfile: Boot from bootfile instead of the system's default boot file. A boot file is a file resulting from a Prolog compilation using the -b or -c option or a program saved using qsave_program/[1,2].
-p alias=path1[:path2 ...: Define a path alias for file_search_path. alias is the name of the alias, and arg path1 ... is a list of values for the alias. On Windows the list separator is ;. On other systems it is :. A value is either a term of the form alias(value) or pathname. The computed aliases are added to file_search_path/2 using asserta/1, so they precede predefined values for the alias. See file_search_path/2 for details on using this file location mechanism.
--traditional: This flag disables the most important extensions of SWI-Prolog version 7 (see section 5) that introduce incompatibilities with earlier versions. In particular, lists are represented in the traditional way, double quoted text is represented by a list of character codes and the functional notation on dicts is not supported. Dicts as a syntactic entity, and the predicates that act on them, are still supported if this flag is present.
--: Stops scanning for more arguments, so you can pass arguments for your application after this one. See current_prolog_flag/2 using the flag argv for obtaining the command line arguments.

2.4.3 Controlling the stack sizes

As of version 7.7.14 the stacks are no longer limited individually. Instead, only the combined size is limited. Note that 32 bit systems still pose a 128Mb limit. See section 2.19.1. The combined limit is by default 1Gb on 64 bit machines and 512Mb on 32 bit machines.

For example, to limit the stacks to 32Gb use the command below. Note that the stack limits apply per thread. Individual threads may be controlled using the stack_limit(+Bytes) option of thread_create. Any thread can call set_prolog_flag(stack_limit, Limit) (see stack_limit) to adjust the stack limit. This limit is inherited by threads created from this thread.

$ swipl --stack-limit=32g

--stack-limit=size[bkmg]: Limit the combined size of the Prolog stacks to the indicated size. The suffix specifies the value as bytes, Kbytes, Mbytes or Gbytes.
--table-space=size[bkmg]: Limit for the table space. This is where tries holding memoized^{11The letter M is used
because the T was already in use. It is a memnonic for Memoizing.} answers for tabling are stored. The default is 1Gb on 64 bit machines and 512Mb on 32 bit machines. See the Prolog flag table_space.
--shared-table-space=size[bkmg]: Limit for the table space for shared tables. See section 7.9.

2.4.4 Running goals from the command line

-g goal

Goal is executed just before entering the top level. This option may appear multiple times. See section 2.3 for details. If no initialization goal is present the system calls version/0 to print the welcome message. The welcome message can be suppressed with --quiet, but also with -g true. goal can be a complex term. In this case quotes are normally needed to protect it from being expanded by the shell. A safe way to run a goal non-interactively is below. If go/0 succeeds -g halt causes the process to stop with exit code 0. If it fails, the exit code is 1; and if it raises an exception, the exit code is 2.

% swipl <options> -g go -g halt

-t goal

Use goal as interactive top level instead of the default goal prolog/0. The goal can be a complex term. If the top-level goal succeeds SWI-Prolog exits with status 0. If it fails the exit status is 1. If the top level raises an exception, this is printed as an uncaught error and the top level is restarted. This flag also determines the goal started by break/0 and abort/0. If you want to prevent the user from entering interactive mode, start the application with‘-g goal -t halt’.

2.4.5 Compilation options

-c file ...: Compile files into an‘intermediate code file’. See section 2.11.
-o output: Used in combination with -c or -b to determine output file for compilation.

2.4.6 Maintenance options

The following options are for system maintenance. They are given for reference only.

-b initfile ...-c file ...: Boot compilation. initfile ... are compiled by the C-written bootstrap compiler, file ... by the normal Prolog compiler. System maintenance only.
-d token1,token2,...: Print debug messages for DEBUG statements tagged with one of the indicated tokens. Only has effect if the system is compiled with the -DO_DEBUG flag. System maintenance only.